Every winter, Valais transforms into a grand festive theatre where ancestral traditions, extravagance, and a vibrant party spirit come together. Carnival, a true institution in the region, has its roots in ancient customs and continues to evolve with each generation. But why do we celebrate Carnival? How has it changed over time? And above all, where can we still experience this unique festivity? Let’s dive into the fascinating world of the Valais Carnival.
The origins of carnival: a popular outlet
Carnival has its origins in both pagan and Christian traditions. Before Lent—a period of fasting and reflection—it was customary to let loose, feast, and challenge the established order. In Valais, as elsewhere, Carnival allowed for a temporary reversal of social roles: peasants dressed as nobles, authorities were mocked, and people could openly express what was usually forbidden throughout the year. This need for transgression gave rise to emblematic figures such as the Guggenmusik (boisterous and eccentric carnival brass bands), eerie masks, and exuberant processions.
A carnival through the ages
Rituals meant to ward off evil spirits during winter were already practiced in Valais during the Bronze Age. These traditions helped protect villages from avalanches and ensured the arrival of spring.
Although Carnival was long a spontaneous celebration—sometimes frowned upon by religious and political authorities—it has, over the decades, evolved into a structured event featuring organized parades, masked balls, and costume contests. The arrival of Guggenmusik in the 1950s marked a turning point: with their brass instruments and wild percussion, these groups energized the festivities and gave them a distinct musical identity.
In some villages, unique traditions have endured. In Evolène, for instance, the Empaillés (figures dressed in burlap sacks stuffed with straw) continue to both terrify and fascinate. Elsewhere, such as in Monthey or Sion, floats and confetti turn the towns into explosions of color and laughter.
Carnival today: between folklore and modernity
Today, the Valais Carnival remains one of the most anticipated events of the year. It draws not only locals but also many visitors eager to experience this enchanted interlude. However, evolving societal norms have influenced some traditions: political and social satire remains present but is sometimes more regulated, while the family-friendly aspect has become more prominent, with activities catering to all ages.
Social media and new technologies have also transformed the way people experience Carnival: costumes are shared on Instagram, parades are streamed live, and events are organized through mobile apps. Yet, the essence remains unchanged—letting loose, escaping the routine, and celebrating together.
Where to Celebrate Carnival in Valais?
For those looking to join the festivities, here are some must-visit events:
- Monthey: One of the biggest carnivals in French-speaking Switzerland, with spectacular processions and a lively atmosphere. In 2025, the theme will be ‘clubbing’, immersing festival-goers in a fun world.
- Sion: A family-friendly and festive carnival, combining floats, brass bands and entertainment for all ages. This year's theme is ‘Famous in Sion’, promising retro-futuristic costumes and floats inspired by major technological advances.
- Evolène: Immerse yourself in authenticity with its ‘Stuffed’ and traditional masks. This carnival cannot be explained, it must be experienced, from 6 January to Carnival Sunday and even beyond.
- Le Châble: A convivial carnival where the whole valley comes together. This year, the theme will be ‘40 years of celebration and madness’, a retrospective inviting participants to the procession and various activities.
- Carnival of Martigny Bourg: A festive event in the heart of the old town, renowned for its authentic and warm atmosphere. This year, the theme is ‘Crimes in the heart of the village’, transporting revellers into a special world of crime fiction.
Whether you are a lover of tradition or modernity, the Valais Carnival promises you an unforgettable experience. So, are you ready to don your best costume and let yourself be carried away by the carnival madness?
